Reforma trabalhista quer alterar CLT e ampliar terceirização
São Paulo – As relações trabalhistas foram postas na mesa pelo novo governo Michel Temer. A nova gestão tenta correr para aprovar mudanças na CLT e sinalizar aos aliados e ao mercado uma ação para acelerar o crescimento da economia.
Apesar da iniciativa, a proposta tem as eleições como obstáculo e até o momento não se sabe a sua real extensão. Pontualmente, o governo tem informado alguns pontos do projeto, sem detalhar todas as medidas que pretende implementar.
Para analistas consultados pelo jornal “O Estado de S. Paulo”, o tripé da reforma proposta pela nova equipe está centrado na terceirização, permanência do Programa de Proteção ao Emprego (PPE) e flexibilização da CLT, ao permitir que acordos feitos entre o sindicato e a empresa prevaleçam sobre o que determina a legislação.
Além disso, está no radar a criação de duas novas modalidades de contrato de trabalho: parcial e intermitente, com jornadas inferiores a 44 horas semanais e salários proporcionais.
Os ajustes dividem opiniões. De um lado, defende-se a reforma da CLT, de 1940, para diminuir custos e burocracia. De outro, teme-se que a reforma leve a uma precarização das condições de trabalho.
A Câmara dos Deputados concluiu no fim de agosto a votação do projeto de lei da terceirização (PL 4330/04), que agora segue para o Senado. Foi aprovada em Plenário uma emenda que permite a terceirização de todas as atividades do setor privado, ponto mais criticado do tema.
Hoje, somente as atividades-meio, que não têm a ver com o produto ou serviço final da empresa, podem ser terceirizadas. Por exemplo, um banco pode terceirizar os serviços de limpeza e segurança, mas não pode terceirizar o empregado que abre conta.
Para Carlos Eduardo Dantas Costa, especialista em direito trabalhista e sócio da Peixoto & Cury Advogados, a proposta é positiva “porque existe uma insegurança jurídica grande em relação à prestação de serviços e é uma forma de usar o direito do trabalho como ferramenta para movimentar a economia, pois agiliza a contratação”.
Já a secretaria de relações de trabalho da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), Graça Costa, diz que a medida enfraquece a organização dos trabalhadores e tira poder de barganha das classes trabalhistas.
Essas negociações entre sindicato e as empresas devem ser “prestigiadas”, segundo o ministro do Trabalho, Ronaldo Nogueira.
Os acordos seriam referentes ao que está contemplado no artigo 7º da Constituição. O advogado especialista em direito sindical, Marcelo Araújo, esclarece que, hoje, o que é negociado já tem validade desde que seja para o bem do trabalhador e, como está sendo conversado, a medida parece atacar a legislação pelas suas virtudes e não pelos defeitos.
“Nunca vi um juiz vetando um acordo benéfico para o empregado. Se não aceitam é porque, de fato agride, a condição de trabalhador.”
PPE
Outro ponto sensível da reforma de Temer é a permanência do Programa de Proteção ao Emprego (PPE), criado por Dilma Rousseff para evitar demissões em empresas com problemas financeiro e com validade até 2017.
No período de adesão ao PPE, os beneficiários têm jornada de trabalho reduzida em até 30%, com redução proporcional do salário e compensação de até 50% do valor remunerada pelo governo. Terceirizados não são contemplados.
Para Marcelo Araújo, os problemas do PPE são o teto da remuneração de 65% da parcela máxima do benefício do seguro-desemprego e, caso a empresa quebre, o trabalhador receberia apenas uma parcela do seguro. “O governo deveria pagar sem tirar do sistema que assegura o seguro desemprego.”
Paulo Sérgio João, professor de direito do trabalho da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), alerta que o PPE, idealizado para momentos de crise, pode se tornar um gasto extra do governo caso vire um programa permanente.
Ele explica que a reforma não é focada na exclusão de direitos e, sim, em novas formas de contrato de trabalho. Mas alerta que é uma chamada de atenção aos sindicatos para eles “não ficarem à sombra da lei” e assumir mais responsabilidade sobre o que é negociado para o trabalhador.
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